A pullstring ( pull string, pull-string), pullcord ( pull cord, pull-cord), or pullchain ( pull-chain, pull chain) is a twine, rope, or chain wound on a spring-loaded spindle that engages a mechanism when it is force. It is most commonly used in and motorized equipment. More generally and commonly, a pullstring can be any type of string, cord, rope, or chain, attached to an object in some way used to pull or mechanically manipulate part of it.
Toys
Perhaps the simplest pullstring toy is the
yo-yo (c. 460 BCE). The jumping jack is a more complicated animated puppet paper doll that uses a pullstring to move its arms and legs up and down.
and some
use a string that is wound around the top and then pulled to make it spin.
More recent toys include , such as Chatty Cathy (1959), Charmin' Chatty (1963), Talking Tamu (1970), Look Around Crissy (1972), Sky Dancers (1994), and Sheriff Woody (from the Toy Story franchise), that have a pullstring built into them that activates a Loudspeaker when it is pulled, causing the doll to say a built-in phrase. The Blythe doll (1972) has a pullstring that changes the doll's eye color. Other non-doll toys like See 'n Say (1965).
The earliest patent with a pullstring included in it is an 1886 "Toy bowling alley".[ Toy Bowling-Alley, Thomas Kochka, filed 11 December 1886 (retrieved 31 January 2012 from Google Patents)]
Engines
Many motorized
,
, portable generators, and portable
use a pullstring or pullcord attached to a handle as a manual
ignition system device. Some vehicle engines are also started with pullchains, such as the early-1900s Puckridge, or pullcords, like the pre-release version of the Citroën 2CV car, and the DKW RT 125 scooter. Early jet engines such as the Junkers Jumo 004 used a Riedel two-stroke starter motor actuated by a pullcord.
Weapons
Some grenades such as the German Models 24, 39, and 43 have pullcords. Some machine guns such as the M73 machine gun and M85 machine gun use a pullchain to charge and/or fire them. The Kord machine gun uses a device to cock the weapon.
Various Booby trap weapons and devices have used cords/cables.
Transport
A train's emergency brake can be a cord or chain that will stop the train when pulled. Some
and
tram have a pullcord, also known as a bell cord, that a passenger can pull to signal the driver that they are requesting a stop. Many newer vehicles now use buttons to request stops instead. The Jaguar XK120 sports car's doors have no external handles so it uses an interior pullcord instead.
Other
Some types of
and
use a cord pull to open, close, raise, and lower them. Some types of ladders like the
extension ladder and
attic ladder can have a pullstring that pulls it down from the ceiling. A
dock plate can use a pullchain to move it. Some
have a pullstring on its latch. A
pull switch uses a chain or string to actuate a switch, commonly used in lighting and
. Modern
use a pullchain attached to a lever that lifts the plunger to release water into the toilet bowl. The
photoplayer uses pullchains to generate sound effects for silent films. Pre-1990s North American diesel locomotive
used a lever or pull cord to actuate an air valve. Older
were almost always actuated with a pull cord.
Some grandfather clocks have a pullchain to raise the weights in order to wind the clock's gears. A lifejacket has a pullcord used to inflate it.
Variants
A
bow string is perhaps the simplest type of pullstring that pulls a bow's ends together. A ripcord is a type of pullstring used to release a parachute. A
drawstring is a type of
pullstring used in many aspects of the fashion industry and in bags as a closing device.
See also
